Authentication methods
Zulip supports a wide variety of authentication methods. Some of them require configuration to set up.
To configure or disable authentication methods on your Zulip server,
edit the AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
setting in
/etc/zulip/settings.py
, as well as any additional configuration your
chosen authentication methods require; then restart the Zulip server.
Details on each method below.
Email and password
The EmailAuthBackend
method is the one method enabled by default,
and it requires no additional configuration.
Users set a password with the Zulip server, and log in with their email and password.
When first setting up your Zulip server, this method must be used for creating the initial realm and user. You can disable it after that.
Plug-and-play SSO (Google, GitHub, GitLab)
With just a few lines of configuration, your Zulip server can authenticate users with any of several single-sign-on (SSO) authentication providers:
Google accounts, with
GoogleAuthBackend
GitHub accounts, with
GitHubAuthBackend
GitLab accounts, with
GitLabAuthBackend
Microsoft Azure Active Directory, with
AzureADAuthBackend
Each of these requires one to a handful of lines of configuration in
settings.py
, as well as a secret in zulip-secrets.conf
. Details
are documented in your settings.py
.
LDAP (including Active Directory)
Zulip supports retrieving information about users via LDAP, and optionally using LDAP as an authentication mechanism.
In either configuration, you will need to do the following:
These instructions assume you have an installed Zulip server and are logged into a shell there. You can have created an organization already using EmailAuthBackend, or plan to create the organization using LDAP authentication.
Tell Zulip how to connect to your LDAP server:
Fill out the section of your
/etc/zulip/settings.py
headed “LDAP integration, part 1: Connecting to the LDAP server”.If a password is required, put it in
/etc/zulip/zulip-secrets.conf
by settingauth_ldap_bind_password
. For example:auth_ldap_bind_password = abcd1234
.
Decide how you want to map the information in your LDAP database to users’ account data in Zulip. For each Zulip user, two closely related concepts are:
their email address. Zulip needs this in order to send, for example, a notification when they’re offline and another user sends a direct message.
their Zulip username. This means the name the user types into the Zulip login form. You might choose for this to be the user’s email address (
sam@example.com
), or look like a traditional “username” (sam
), or be something else entirely, depending on your environment.
Either or both of these might be an attribute of the user records in your LDAP database.
Tell Zulip how to map the user information in your LDAP database to the form it needs for authentication. There are three supported ways to set up the username and/or email mapping:
(A) Using email addresses as Zulip usernames, if LDAP has each user’s email address:
Make
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH
a query by email address.Set
AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH
to the same query with%(email)s
rather than%(user)s
as the search parameter.Set
AUTH_LDAP_USERNAME_ATTR
to the name of the LDAP attribute for the user’s LDAP username in the search result forAUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH
.
(B) Using LDAP usernames as Zulip usernames, with email addresses formed consistently like
sam
->sam@example.com
:Set
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH
to query by LDAP usernameSet
LDAP_APPEND_DOMAIN = "example.com"
.
(C) Using LDAP usernames as Zulip usernames, with email addresses taken from some other attribute in LDAP (for example,
mail
):Set
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH
to query by LDAP usernameSet
LDAP_EMAIL_ATTR = "mail"
.Set
AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH
to a query that will find an LDAP user given their email address (i.e. a search byLDAP_EMAIL_ATTR
). For example:AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(mail=%(email)s)")
Set
AUTH_LDAP_USERNAME_ATTR
to the name of the LDAP attribute for the user’s LDAP username in that search result.
You can quickly test whether your configuration works by running:
/home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py query_ldap username
from the root of your Zulip installation. If your configuration is working, that will output the full name for your user (and that user’s email address, if it isn’t the same as the “Zulip username”).
Active Directory: Most Active Directory installations will use one of the following configurations:
To access by Active Directory username:
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(sAMAccountName=%(user)s)") AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(mail=%(email)s)") AUTH_LDAP_USERNAME_ATTR = "sAMAccountName"
To access by Active Directory email address:
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(mail=%(user)s)") AUTH_LDAP_REVERSE_EMAIL_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(mail=%(email)s)") AUTH_LDAP_USERNAME_ATTR = "mail"
If you are using LDAP for authentication: you will need to enable
the zproject.backends.ZulipLDAPAuthBackend
auth backend, in
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
in /etc/zulip/settings.py
. After doing so
(and as always restarting the Zulip server to ensure
your settings changes take effect), you should be able to log in to
Zulip by entering your email address and LDAP password on the Zulip
login form.
You may also want to configure Zulip’s settings for inviting new users. If LDAP is the only enabled authentication method, the main use case for Zulip’s invitation feature is selecting the initial channels for invited users (invited users will still need to use their LDAP password to create an account).
Synchronizing data
Zulip can automatically synchronize data declared in
AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
from LDAP into Zulip, via the following
management command:
/home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py sync_ldap_user_data
This will sync the fields declared in AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
for
all of your users.
We recommend running this command in a regular cron job at whatever frequency your organization prefers for synchronizing changes made on your LDAP server to Zulip.
All of these data synchronization options have the same model:
New users will be populated automatically with the name/avatar/etc. from LDAP (as configured) on account creation.
manage.py sync_ldap_user_data
will automatically update existing users with any changes that were made in LDAP.You can easily test your configuration using
manage.py query_ldap
. Once you’re happy with the configuration, remember to restart the Zulip server with/home/zulip/deployments/current/scripts/restart-server
so that your configuration changes take effect.Logs are available in
/var/log/zulip/ldap.log
.
When using this feature, you may also want to
prevent users from changing their display name in the Zulip UI,
since any such changes would be automatically overwritten on the sync
run of manage.py sync_ldap_user_data
.
Synchronizing avatars
Zulip supports syncing LDAP / Active
Directory profile pictures (usually available in the thumbnailPhoto
or jpegPhoto
attribute in LDAP) by configuring the avatar
key in
AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
.
Synchronizing custom profile fields
Zulip supports syncing
custom profile fields from LDAP / Active
Directory. To configure this, you first need to
configure some custom profile fields for your
Zulip organization. Then, define a mapping from the fields you’d like
to sync from LDAP to the corresponding LDAP attributes. For example,
if you have a custom profile field LinkedIn Profile
and the
corresponding LDAP attribute is linkedinProfile
then you just need
to add 'custom_profile_field__linkedin_profile': 'linkedinProfile'
to the AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
.
Synchronizing groups
Zulip supports syncing Zulip groups with LDAP groups. To configure this feature:
Review the django-auth-ldap documentation to determine which of its supported group type configurations matches how your LDAP directory stores groups.
Set
AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_TYPE
to the appropriate class instance for that LDAP group type:from django_auth_ldap.config import ActiveDirectoryGroupType AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_TYPE = ActiveDirectoryGroupType()
The default is
GroupOfUniqueNamesType
.Configure
AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_SEARCH
to specify how to find groups in your LDAP directory:AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_SEARCH = LDAPSearch( "ou=groups,dc=www,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(objectClass=groupOfUniqueNames)" )
Configure which LDAP groups you want to sync into Zulip.
LDAP_SYNCHRONIZED_GROUPS_BY_REALM
is a map where the keys are subdomains of the realms being configured (use""
for the root domain), and the value corresponding to the key being a list the names of groups to sync:LDAP_SYNCHRONIZED_GROUPS_BY_REALM = { "subdomain1" : [ "group1", "group2", ] }
In this example configuration, for the Zulip realm with subdomain
subdomain1
, user membership in the Zulip groups namedgroup1
andgroup2
will match their membership in LDAP groups with those names.Test your configuration and restart the server into the new configuration as documented above.
Synchronizing email addresses
User accounts in Zulip are uniquely identified by their email address, and that’s currently the only way through which a Zulip account is associated with their LDAP user account.
In particular, whenever a user attempts to log in to Zulip using LDAP, Zulip will use the LDAP information to authenticate the access, and determine the user’s email address. It will then log in the user to the Zulip account with that email address (or if none exists, potentially prompt the user to create one). This model is convenient, because it works well with any LDAP provider (and handles migrations between LDAP providers transparently).
However, when a user’s email address is changed in your LDAP directory, manual action needs to be taken to tell Zulip that the email address Zulip account with the new email address.
There are two ways to execute email address changes:
Users changing their email address in LDAP can change their email address in Zulip before logging out of Zulip. The user will need to be able to receive email at the new email address in order to complete this flow.
A server administrator can use the
manage.py change_user_email
management command to adjust a Zulip account’s email address directly.
If a user accidentally creates a duplicate account, the duplicate account can be deactivated (and its email address changed) or deleted, and then the real account adjusted using the management command above.
Automatically deactivating users
Zulip supports synchronizing the
disabled/deactivated status of users. If you’re using Active Directory,
you can configure this by uncommenting the sample line
"userAccountControl": "userAccountControl",
in
AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
(and restarting the Zulip server). Zulip
will then treat users that are disabled via the “Disable Account”
feature in Active Directory as deactivated in Zulip.
If you’re using a different LDAP server which uses a boolean attribute
which is TRUE
or YES
for users that should be deactivated and FALSE
or NO
otherwise. You can configure a mapping for deactivated
in
AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
. For example, "deactivated": "nsAccountLock",
is a correct mapping for a
FreeIPA LDAP database.
Users who are disabled in LDAP will be immediately unable to log in to
Zulip using LDAP authentication, since Zulip queries the LDAP/Active
Directory server on every login attempt. The user will be fully
deactivated the next time you run manage.py sync_ldap_user_data
(at
which point they will be forcibly logged out from all active browser
sessions, appear as deactivated in the Zulip UI, etc.).
This feature works by checking for the ACCOUNTDISABLE
flag on the
userAccountControl
field in Active Directory. See
this handy resource
for details on the various userAccountControl
flags.
Deactivating non-matching users
Zulip supports automatically deactivating users if they are not found
by the AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH
query (either because the user is no
longer in LDAP/Active Directory, or because the user no longer matches
the query). This feature is enabled by default if LDAP is the only
authentication backend configured on the Zulip server. Otherwise, you
can enable this feature by setting
LDAP_DEACTIVATE_NON_MATCHING_USERS
to True
in
/etc/zulip/settings.py
. Nonmatching users will be fully deactivated
the next time you run manage.py sync_ldap_user_data
.
Other fields
Other fields you may want to sync from LDAP include:
Boolean flags describing the user’s role / permission level:
is_realm_owner
(Organization owner),is_realm_admin
(Organization administrator),is_guest
(Guest),is_moderator
(Moderator). You can use the AUTH_LDAP_USER_FLAGS_BY_GROUP feature ofdjango-auth-ldap
to configure a group to get any of these permissions. (Don’t use this to modify other boolean flags such asis_active
as that can introduce inconsistent state in the database; see the above discussion of automatic deactivation for how to do that properly).Because the upstream
django-auth-ldap
library processes flags in the order they are listed inAUTH_LDAP_USER_FLAGS_BY_GROUP
, flags should be listed in order from lowest to highest precedence (i.e., declare theis_guest
group first and theis_realm_owner
group last, if you’d like a user who is in both groups to be a realm owner rather than a guest).String fields like
default_language
(e.g.,en
) ortimezone
, if you have that data in the right format in your LDAP database.
You can look at the full list of fields in the Zulip user
model; search for class UserProfile
, but the above should cover all
the fields that would be useful to sync from your LDAP databases.
Multiple LDAP searches
To do the union of multiple LDAP searches, use LDAPSearchUnion
. For example:
AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH = LDAPSearchUnion(
LDAPSearch("ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(uid=%(user)s)"),
LDAPSearch("ou=otherusers,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(uid=%(user)s)"),
)
Restricting access to an LDAP group
You can restrict access to your Zulip server to a set of LDAP groups
using the AUTH_LDAP_REQUIRE_GROUP
and AUTH_LDAP_DENY_GROUP
settings in /etc/zulip/settings.py
.
An example configuration for Active Directory group restriction can be:
import django_auth_ldap
AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_TYPE = django_auth_ldap.config.ActiveDirectoryGroupType()
AUTH_LDAP_REQUIRE_GROUP = "cn=enabled,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com"
AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(objectClass=groupOfNames)")
Please note that AUTH_LDAP_GROUP_TYPE
needs to be set to the correct
group type for your LDAP server. See the upstream django-auth-ldap
documentation for details.
Restricting LDAP user access to specific organizations
If you’re hosting multiple Zulip organizations, you can restrict which
users have access to which organizations.
This is done by setting org_membership
in AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP
to the name of
the LDAP attribute which will contain a list of subdomains that the
user should be allowed to access.
For the root subdomain, www
in the list will work, or any other of
settings.ROOT_SUBDOMAIN_ALIASES
.
For example, with org_membership
set to department
, a user with
the following attributes will have access to the root and engineering
subdomains:
...
department: engineering
department: www
...
More complex access control rules are possible via the
AUTH_LDAP_ADVANCED_REALM_ACCESS_CONTROL
setting. Note that
org_membership
takes precedence over
AUTH_LDAP_ADVANCED_REALM_ACCESS_CONTROL
:
If
org_membership
is set and allows access, access will be grantedIf
org_membership
is not set or does not allow access,AUTH_LDAP_ADVANCED_REALM_ACCESS_CONTROL
will control access.
AUTH_LDAP_ADVANCED_REALM_ACCESS_CONTROL
is a dictionary keyed by the
organization’s subdomain. The corresponding value is a list of
attribute: value
pair sets such that a user is permitted to access
the organization if and only if the attribute: value
pairs in at
least one of these sets match the user’s LDAP attributes. If this
setting is enabled, organizations not explicitly configured in it
will not be affected - they’ll allow normal LDAP login, unless restricted
by other settings.
This is better illustrated with an example:
AUTH_LDAP_ADVANCED_REALM_ACCESS_CONTROL = {
"zulip": [
{
"department": "main",
"employeeType": "staff"
},
{
"office": "Dallas"
}
]
}
This means that the organization "zulip"
will be accessible via ldap
authentication only for users whose ldap attributes either contain
both department: main
employeeType: staff
or just office: Dallas
. LDAP authentication will proceed normally for all other
organizations.
Warning
Restricting access using these mechanisms only affects authentication via LDAP, and won’t prevent users from accessing the organization using any other authentication backends that are enabled for the organization.
Troubleshooting
Most issues with LDAP authentication are caused by misconfigurations of the user and email search settings. Some things you can try to get to the bottom of the problem:
Review the instructions for the LDAP configuration type you’re using: (A), (B) or (C) (described above), and that you have configured all of the required settings documented in the instructions for that configuration type.
Use the
manage.py query_ldap
tool to verify your configuration. The output of the command will usually indicate the cause of any configuration problem. For the LDAP integration to work, this command should be able to successfully fetch a complete, correct set of data for the queried user.You can find LDAP-specific logs in
/var/log/zulip/ldap.log
. If you’re asking for help with your setup, please provide logs from this file (feel free to anonymize any email addresses tousername@example.com
) in your report.
SAML
Zulip 2.1 and later supports SAML authentication, used by Okta, OneLogin, and many other IdPs (identity providers). You can configure it as follows:
These instructions assume you have an installed Zulip server; if you’re using Zulip Cloud, see this article, which also has IdP-side configuration advice for common IdPs.
You can have created a Zulip organization already using the default EmailAuthBackend, or plan to create the organization using SAML authentication.
Tell your IdP how to find your Zulip server:
SP Entity ID:
https://yourzulipdomain.example.com
.The
Entity ID
should match the value ofSOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_SP_ENTITY_ID
computed in the Zulip settings. You can get the correct value by running the following:/home/zulip/deployments/current/scripts/get-django-setting SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_SP_ENTITY_ID
.SSO URL:
https://yourzulipdomain.example.com/complete/saml/
. This is the “SAML ACS url” in SAML terminology.If you’re hosting multiple organizations, you need to use
SOCIAL_AUTH_SUBDOMAIN
. For example, ifSOCIAL_AUTH_SUBDOMAIN="auth"
andEXTERNAL_HOST=zulip.example.com
, this should behttps://auth.zulip.example.com/complete/saml/
.
Tell Zulip how to connect to your SAML provider(s) by filling out the section of
/etc/zulip/settings.py
on your Zulip server with the heading “SAML Authentication”.You will need to update
SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ORG_INFO
with your organization name (displayname
may appear in the IdP’s authentication flow;name
won’t be displayed to humans).Fill out
SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS
with data provided by your identity provider. You may find the python-social-auth SAML docs helpful. You’ll need to obtain several values from your IdP’s metadata and enter them on the right-hand side of this Python dictionary:Set the outer
idp_name
key to be an identifier for your IdP, e.g.,testshib
orokta
. This field appears in URLs for parts of your Zulip server’s SAML authentication flow.The IdP should provide the
url
andentity_id
values.Save the
x509cert
value to a file; you’ll use it in the instructions below.The values needed in the
attr_
fields are often configurable in your IdP’s interface when setting up SAML authentication (referred to as “Attribute Statements” with Okta, or “Attribute Mapping” with Google Workspace). You’ll want to connect these so that Zulip gets the email address (used as a unique user ID) and name for the user.The
display_name
anddisplay_icon
fields are used to display the login/registration buttons for the IdP.The
auto_signup
field determines how Zulip should handle login attempts by users who don’t have an account yet.
Install the certificate(s) required for SAML authentication. You will definitely need the public certificate of your IdP. Some IdP providers also support the Zulip server (Service Provider) having a certificate used for encryption and signing. We detail these steps as optional below, because they aren’t required for basic setup, and some IdPs like Okta don’t fully support Service Provider certificates. You should install them as follows:
On your Zulip server,
mkdir -p /etc/zulip/saml/idps/
Put the IDP public certificate in
/etc/zulip/saml/idps/{idp_name}.crt
(Optional) Put the Zulip server public certificate in
/etc/zulip/saml/zulip-cert.crt
and the corresponding private key in/etc/zulip/saml/zulip-private-key.key
. Note that the certificate should be the single X.509 certificate for the server, not a full chain of trust, which consists of multiple certificates. The private key cannot be encrypted with a password, as then Zulip will not be able to load it. An example pair can be generated using:openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2056 -keyout zulip-private-key.key -out zulip-cert.crt -days 365 -nodes
Set the proper permissions on these files and directories:
chown -R zulip.zulip /etc/zulip/saml/ find /etc/zulip/saml/ -type f -exec chmod 644 -- {} + chmod 640 /etc/zulip/saml/zulip-private-key.key
(Optional) If you configured the optional public and private server certificates above, you can enable the additional setting
"authnRequestsSigned": True
inSOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_SECURITY_CONFIG
to have the SAMLRequests the server will be issuing to the IdP signed using those certificates. Additionally, if the IdP supports it, you can upload the public certificate to enable encryption of assertions in the SAMLResponses the IdP will send about authenticated users.Enable the
zproject.backends.SAMLAuthBackend
auth backend, inAUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
in/etc/zulip/settings.py
.(Optional) New in Zulip 5.0: Zulip can synchronize custom profile fields from the SAML provider. Just configure the
SOCIAL_AUTH_SYNC_CUSTOM_ATTRS_DICT
; the LDAP documentation for synchronizing custom profile fields will be helpful. Servers installed before Zulip 5.0 may want to update inline comment documentation so they can take advantage of the latest inline SAML documentation in/etc/zulip/settings.py
.Note that in contrast with LDAP, Zulip can only query the SAML database for a user’s settings when the user authenticates to Zulip using SAML, so custom profile fields are only synchronized when the user logs in.
Note also that the SAML feature currently only synchronizes custom profile fields during login, not during account creation; we consider this a bug.
Restart the Zulip server to ensure your settings changes take effect. The Zulip login page should now have a button for SAML authentication that you can use to log in or create an account (including when creating a new organization).
If the configuration was successful, the server’s metadata can be found at
https://yourzulipdomain.example.com/saml/metadata.xml
. You can use this for verifying your configuration or provide it to your IdP.
IdP-initiated SSO
The above configuration is sufficient for Service Provider initialized SSO, i.e. you can visit the Zulip web app and click “Sign in with {IdP}” and it’ll correctly start the authentication flow. If you are not hosting multiple organizations, with Zulip 3.0+, the above configuration is also sufficient for Identity Provider initiated SSO, i.e. clicking a “Sign in to Zulip” button on the IdP’s website can correctly authenticate the user to Zulip.
If you’re hosting multiple organizations and thus using the
SOCIAL_AUTH_SUBDOMAIN
setting, you’ll need to configure a custom
RelayState
in your IdP of the form
{"subdomain": "yourzuliporganization"}
to let Zulip know which
organization to authenticate the user to when they visit your SSO URL
from the IdP. (If the organization is on the root domain, use the
empty string: {"subdomain": ""}
.).
Restricting access to specific organizations
If you’re hosting multiple Zulip organizations, you can restrict which
organizations can use a given IdP by setting limit_to_subdomains
.
For example, limit_to_subdomains = ["", "engineering"]
would
restrict an IdP the root domain and the engineering
subdomain.
You can achieve the same goal with a SAML attribute; just declare
which attribute using attr_org_membership
in the IdP configuration.
For the root subdomain, www
in the list will work, or any other of
settings.ROOT_SUBDOMAIN_ALIASES
.
For example, with attr_org_membership
set to member
, a user with
the following attribute in their AttributeStatement
will have access
to the root and engineering
subdomains:
<saml2:Attribute Name="member" NameFormat="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:attrname-format:unspecified">
<saml2:AttributeValue xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">
www
</saml2:AttributeValue>
<saml2:AttributeValue xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="xs:string">
engineering
</saml2:AttributeValue>
</saml2:Attribute>
SCIM
Many SAML IdPs also offer SCIM provisioning to manage automatically deactivating accounts; consider configuring the Zulip SCIM integration.
Using Keycloak as a SAML IdP
Make sure you reviewed this article, which details how to configure Keycloak properly to use SAML with Zulip.
Verify that
SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS[{idp_name}]['entity_id']
andSOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS[{idp_name}]['url']
are correct in your Zulip configuration. Specifically, ifentity_id
ishttps://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/master
, thenurl
should behttps://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/saml
Your Keycloak public certificate must be saved on the Zulip server as
{idp_name}.crt
in/etc/zulip/saml/idps/
. You can obtain the certificate from the Keycloak UI in theKeys
tab. Click on the buttonCertificate
and copy the content.(Alternatively, open the URL in your browser
https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/saml/descriptor
. Replace the domain (keycloak.example.com
) as well as the realm name (master
) in the url. Note that depending on your version of Keycloak,/auth/
may or may not be present in the URL. The certificate is the content inside<ds:X509Certificate>[...]</ds:X509Certificate>
).Save the certificate in a new
{idp_name}.crt
file constructed as follows:-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- {Paste the content here} -----END CERTIFICATE-----
If you want to sign SAML requests, you have to do two things in Keycloak:
In the Keycloak client settings you set up previously, open the
Settings
tab and enableClient Signature Required
.Keycloak can generate the Client private key and certificate automatically, but Zulip’s SAML library does not support the resulting certificates. Instead, you must generate the key and certificate on the Zulip server and import them into Keycloak:
Generate Zulip server public certificate and the corresponding private key:
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2056 -keyout zulip-private-key.key \ -out zulip-cert.crt -days 365 -nodes
Generate a JKS keystore (replace
{mypassword}
and{myalias}
in thekeytool
invocation):openssl pkcs12 -export -out domainname.pfx -inkey zulip-private-key.key -in zulip-cert.crt keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore domainname.pfx -srcstoretype pkcs12 \ -srcalias 1 -srcstorepass {mypassword} -destkeystore domainname.jks \ -deststoretype jks -destalias {myalias}
You can run the above on the Zulip server. If you instead run it on a Mac, you may want to use the keychain administration tool to generate the JKS keystore with a UI instead of using the
keytool
command. (see also: https://stackoverflow.com/a/41250334)Then switch to the
SAML Keys
tab of your Keycloak client. Importdomainname.pfx
into Keycloak. After importing, only the certificate will be displayed (not the private key).
Using Authentik as a SAML IdP
Make sure you reviewed this article, which details how to integrate Zulip with Authentik.
Verify that
SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS[{idp_name}]['entity_id']
andSOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS[{idp_name}]['url']
are correct in your Zulip configuration. Specifically, ifentity_id
ishttps://authentik.example.com/
, thenurl
should behttps://authentik.company/application/saml/<application slug>/sso/binding/redirect/
where<application slug>
is the application slug you’ve assigned to this application in Authentik settings (e.gzulip
).Update the attribute mapping in your new entry in
SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS
to match how Authentik specifies attributes in itsSAMLResponse
:"attr_user_permanent_id": "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress", "attr_first_name": "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name", "attr_last_name": "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name", "attr_username": "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress", "attr_email": "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress",
Your Authentik public certificate must be saved on the Zulip server as
/etc/zulip/saml/idps/{idp_name}.crt
. You can obtain the certificate from the Authentik UI in theCertificates
section or directly from the provider’s page.(Alternatively, open the settings page of the provider you created and copy the certificate embedded in the SAML Metadata’s
<ds:X509Certificate>
field.).Save the certificate in a new
{idp_name}.crt
file constructed as follows:-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- {Paste the content here} -----END CERTIFICATE-----
SAML Single Logout
Zulip supports both IdP-initiated and SP-initiated SAML Single Logout. The implementation has primarily been tested with Keycloak and these instructions are for that provider; please contact us if you need help using this with another IdP.
IdP-initiated Single Logout
In the KeyCloak configuration for Zulip, enable
Force Name ID Format
and setName ID Format
toemail
. Zulip needs to receive the user’s email address in the NameID to know which user’s sessions to terminate.Make sure
Front Channel Logout
is enabled, which it should be by default. DisableForce POST Binding
, as Zulip only supports the Redirect binding.In
Fine Grain SAML Endpoint Configuration
, setLogout Service Redirect Binding URL
to the same value you provided forSSO URL
above.Add the IdP’s
Redirect Binding URL
forSingleLogoutService
to your IdP configuration dict inSOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS
in/etc/zulip/settings.py
asslo_url
. For example it may look like this:"your_keycloak_idp_name": { "entity_id": "https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/yourrealm", "url": "https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/yourrealm/protocol/saml", "slo_url": "https://keycloak.example.com/auth/realms/yourrealm/protocol/saml", ...
You can find these details in your
SAML 2.0 Identity Provider Metadata
(available in yourRealm Settings
).Because Keycloak uses the old
Name ID Format
format for pre-existing sessions, each user needs to be logged out before SAML Logout will work for them. Test SAML logout with your account by logging out from Zulip, logging back in using SAML, and then using the SAML logout feature from KeyCloak. Check/var/log/zulip/errors.log
for error output if it doesn’t work.Once SAML logout is working for you, you can use the
manage.py logout_all_users
management command to log out all users so that SAML logout works for everyone./home/zulip/deployments/current/manage.py logout_all_users
SP-initiated Single Logout
After configuring IdP-initiated Logout, you only need to set
"sp_initiated_logout_enabled": True
in the appropriate IdP
configuration dict in SOCIAL_AUTH_SAML_ENABLED_IDPS
in
/etc/zulip/settings.py
to also enable SP-initiated Logout. When this
is active, a user who logged in to Zulip via SAML, upon clicking
“Logout” in the Zulip web app will be redirected to the IdP’s Single
Logout endpoint with a LogoutRequest
. If a successful
LogoutResponse
is received back, their current Zulip session will be
terminated.
Note that this doesn’t work when logging out of the mobile application since the app doesn’t use sessions and relies on just having the user’s API key.
Caveats
This implementation doesn’t support using
SessionIndex
to limit which sessions are affected; in IdP-initiated Logout it always terminates all logged-in sessions for the user identified in theNameID
.SAML Logout in a configuration where your IdP handles authentication for multiple organizations is not yet supported.
Apache-based SSO with REMOTE_USER
If you have any existing SSO solution where a preferred way to deploy
it (a) runs inside Apache, and (b) sets the REMOTE_USER
environment
variable, then the ZulipRemoteUserBackend
method provides you with a
straightforward way to deploy that SSO solution with Zulip.
Setup instructions for Apache-based SSO
In
/etc/zulip/settings.py
, configure two settings:AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
:'zproject.backends.ZulipRemoteUserBackend'
, and no other entries.SSO_APPEND_DOMAIN
: see documentation insettings.py
.
Make sure that you’ve restarted the Zulip server since making this configuration change.
Edit
/etc/zulip/zulip.conf
and change thepuppet_classes
line to read:puppet_classes = zulip::profile::standalone, zulip::apache_sso
As root, run
/home/zulip/deployments/current/scripts/zulip-puppet-apply
to install our SSO integration.To configure our SSO integration, edit a copy of
/etc/apache2/sites-available/zulip-sso.example
, saving the result as/etc/apache2/sites-available/zulip-sso.conf
. The example sets up HTTP basic auth, with anhtpasswd
file; you’ll want to replace that with configuration for your SSO solution to authenticate the user and setREMOTE_USER
.For testing, you may want to move ahead with the rest of the setup using the
htpasswd
example configuration and demonstrate that working end-to-end, before returning later to configure your SSO solution. You can do that with the following steps:/home/zulip/deployments/current/scripts/restart-server cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/ cp zulip-sso.example zulip-sso.conf htpasswd -c /home/zulip/zpasswd username@example.com # prompts for a password
Run
a2ensite zulip-sso
to enable the SSO integration within Apache.Run
service apache2 reload
to use your new configuration. If Apache isn’t already running, you may need to runservice apache2 start
instead.
Now you should be able to visit your Zulip server in a browser (e.g.,
at https://zulip.example.com/
) and log in via the SSO solution.
Troubleshooting Apache-based SSO
Most issues with this setup tend to be subtle issues with the hostname/DNS side of the configuration. Suggestions for how to improve this SSO setup documentation are very welcome!
For example, common issues have to do with
/etc/hosts
not mappingsettings.EXTERNAL_HOST
to the Apache listening on127.0.0.1
/localhost
.While debugging, it can often help to temporarily change the Apache config in
/etc/apache2/sites-available/zulip-sso
to listen on all interfaces rather than just127.0.0.1
.While debugging, it can also be helpful to change
proxy_pass
in/etc/nginx/zulip-include/app.d/external-sso.conf
to point to a more explicit URL, possibly not over HTTPS.The following log files can be helpful when debugging this setup:
/var/log/zulip/{errors.log,server.log}
(the usual places)/var/log/nginx/access.log
(nginx access logs)/var/log/apache2/zulip_auth_access.log
(from thezulip-sso.conf
Apache config file; you may want to changeLogLevel
in that file to “debug” to make this more verbose)
Life of an Apache-based SSO login attempt
Here’s a summary of how the Apache REMOTE_USER
SSO system works,
assuming you’re using the example configuration with HTTP basic auth.
This summary should help with understanding what’s going on as you try
to debug.
Since you’ve configured
/etc/zulip/settings.py
to only define thezproject.backends.ZulipRemoteUserBackend
,zproject/computed_settings.py
configures/accounts/login/sso/
asHOME_NOT_LOGGED_IN
. This makeshttps://zulip.example.com/
(a.k.a. the homepage for the main Zulip Django app running behind nginx) redirect to/accounts/login/sso/
for a user that isn’t logged in.nginx proxies requests to
/accounts/login/sso/
to an Apache instance listening onlocalhost:8888
, via the config in/etc/nginx/zulip-include/app.d/external-sso.conf
(using the upstreamlocalhost_sso
, defined in/etc/nginx/zulip-include/upstreams
).The Apache
zulip-sso
site which you’ve enabled listens onlocalhost:8888
and (in the example config) presents thehtpasswd
dialogue. (In a real configuration, it takes the user through whatever more complex interaction your SSO solution performs.) The user provides correct login information, and the request reaches a second Zulip Django app instance, running behind Apache, withREMOTE_USER
set. That request is served byzerver.views.remote_user_sso
, which just checks theREMOTE_USER
variable and either logs the user in or, if they don’t have an account already, registers them. The login sets a cookie.After succeeding, that redirects the user back to
/
on port 443. This request is sent by nginx to the main Zulip Django app, which sees the cookie, treats them as logged in, and proceeds to serve them the main app page normally.
Sign in with Apple
Zulip supports using the web flow for Sign in with Apple on self-hosted servers. To do so, you’ll need to do the following:
Visit the Apple Developer site and Create a Services ID.. When prompted for a “Return URL”, enter
https://zulip.example.com/complete/apple/
(using the domain for your server).Create a Sign in with Apple private key.
Store the resulting private key at
/etc/zulip/apple-auth-key.p8
. Be sure to set permissions correctly:chown zulip:zulip /etc/zulip/apple-auth-key.p8 chmod 640 /etc/zulip/apple-auth-key.p8
Configure Apple authentication in
/etc/zulip/settings.py
:SOCIAL_AUTH_APPLE_TEAM
: Your Team ID from Apple, which is a string like “A1B2C3D4E5”.SOCIAL_AUTH_APPLE_SERVICES_ID
: The Services ID you created in step 1, which might look like “com.example.services”.SOCIAL_AUTH_APPLE_APP_ID
: The App ID, or Bundle ID, of your app that you used in step 1 to configure your Services ID. This might look like “com.example.app”.SOCIAL_AUTH_APPLE_KEY
: Despite the name this is not a key, but rather the Key ID of the key you created in step 2. This looks like “F6G7H8I9J0”.AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
: Uncomment (or add) a line like'zproject.backends.AppleAuthBackend',
to enable Apple auth using the created configuration.
Register with Apple the email addresses or domains your Zulip server sends email to users from. For instructions and background, see the “Email Relay Service” subsection of this page. For details on what email addresses Zulip sends from, see our outgoing email documentation.
OpenID Connect
Starting with Zulip 5.0, Zulip can be integrated with any OpenID
Connect (OIDC) authentication provider. You can configure it by
enabling zproject.backends.GenericOpenIdConnectBackend
in
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
and following the steps outlined in the
comment documentation in /etc/zulip/settings.py
.
If your server was originally installed from a release in the
4.x
series or earlier, you will need to update your settings.py
file. You can find instructions on how to do that in a
separate doc.
Note that SOCIAL_AUTH_OIDC_ENABLED_IDPS
only supports a single IdP currently.
The Return URL to authorize with the provider is
https://yourzulipdomain.example.com/complete/oidc/
.
By default, users who attempt to log in with OIDC using an email
address that does not have a current Zulip account will be prompted
for whether they intend to create a new account or would like to log in
using another authentication method. You can configure automatic
account creation on first login attempt by setting
"auto_signup": True
in the IdP configuration dictionary.
The global setting SOCIAL_AUTH_OIDC_FULL_NAME_VALIDATED
controls how
Zulip uses the Full Name provided by the IdP. By default, Zulip
prefills that value in the new account creation form, but gives the
user the opportunity to edit it before submitting. When True
, Zulip
assumes the name is correct, and new users will not be presented with
a registration form unless they need to accept Terms of Service for
the server (i.e. TERMS_OF_SERVICE_VERSION
is set).
JWT
Zulip supports using JSON Web Tokens (JWT) authentication in two ways:
Obtaining a logged in session by making a POST request to
/accounts/login/jwt/
. This allows a separate application to integrate with Zulip via having a button that directly takes the user to Zulip and logs them in.Fetching a user’s API key by making a POST request to
/api/v1/jwt/fetch_api_key
. This allows a separate application to integrate with Zulip by making API requests on behalf of any user in a Zulip organization.
In both cases, the request should be made by sending an HTTP POST
request with the JWT in the token
parameter, with the JWT payload
having the structure {"email": "<target user email>"}
.
In order to use JWT authentication with Zulip, one must first
configure the JWT secret and algorithm via JWT_AUTH_KEYS
in
/etc/zulip/settings.py
; see the inline comment documentation in that
file for details.
Configuring a custom Python wrapper around the authenticate
mechanism
Zulip supports configuring a custom authentication function that will work as a wrapper around every login attempt to Zulip, enabling custom logging, additional authentication checks, and more.
This mechanism protects the web login and the mobile login process used to obtain an API key, but will not be called when processing API requests by the Zulip mobile apps or other API clients that have already obtained an API key (a step that typically happens once per device during first-time login).
Note
Knowledge of how authentication backends work in Django
as well as some familiarity with Zulip’s authentication implementation in
zproject/backends.py
are required.
This feature is beta and has some rough edges as well as requiring significantly more expertise than other authentication features; we do not recommend using it without specific advice from Zulip support, but we document it here for completeness.
You can write custom Python logic that will wrap such authenticate()
calls by specifying in /etc/zulip/settings.py
:
def custom_auth_wrapper(
auth_func, *args, **kwargs
):
from zerver.lib.exceptions import JsonableError
backend = args[0]
backend_name = backend.name
request = args[1]
ip_address = request.META["REMOTE_ADDR"]
backend.logger.info("%s backend. ip is %s", backend_name, ip_address)
user_profile = auth_func(*args, **kwargs)
if user_profile is not None and user_profile.delivery_email == "protecteduser@example.com":
if backend_name == "email" and ip_address != "x.x.x.x":
raise JsonableError("Your IP address is not allowed to log in as this user.")
return user_profile
# We need to actually specify to use this function defined above as the
# custom authentication wrapper:
CUSTOM_AUTHENTICATION_WRAPPER_FUNCTION = custom_auth_wrapper
auth_func
is the underlying authenticate
function belonging to the
authentication backend class currently being processed. If you have
more than one backend enabled, this will be executed multiple times -
each time with auth_func
being the authenticate
function of the
backend class currently being processed.
Therefore, your custom_auth_wrapper
can inspect the received
arguments, process them as desired and eventually call the original
auth_func
to obtain the underlying authentication result, to analyze
and potentially return it. The simple code demonstrated above checks
whether auth_func
succeeds, and if so, whether the resulting user
account belongs to protecteduser@example.com
. Such authentication,
if it’s using the EmailAuthBackend
should only be allowed if made
from a pre-defined IP address x.x.x.x
, so if these restrictions are
violated, a JSON error response will be generated.
The example demonstrates the possibility of making the logic dependent on the specific authentication backend being used, but unless you’re very familiar with the various backends used by Zulip, a safer approach is to keep things general.
Important
Using CUSTOM_AUTHENTICATION_WRAPPER_FUNCTION
with social
authentication backends (Google, GitHub, and anything else that
subclasses SocialAuthMixin
in zproject/backends.py
) is not
recommended.
Due to the different way that social authentication backends process
authentication attempts using a 3rd party site that provides the
user’s identity, it is not a good approach to modify their own
authenticate
calls directly.
If you need to use this feature in combination with those backends,
you should make your logic be applied when processing the
ZulipDummyBackend
- which is the final layer of the authentication
checks for whether authentication should succeed. If you want to
reject authentication requests (e.g., based on IP address of the
request), this is where it should happen.
Adding more authentication backends
Adding an integration with any of the more than 100 authentication providers supported by python-social-auth (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, etc.) is easy to do if you’re willing to write a bit of code, and pull requests to add new backends are welcome.
For example, the Azure Active Directory integration was about 30 lines of code, plus some documentation and an automatically generated migration. We also have helpful developer documentation on testing auth backends.
Development only
The DevAuthBackend
method is used only in development, to allow
passwordless login as any user in a development environment. It’s
mentioned on this page only for completeness.